HIGHLIGHTS who: Jia Jia from the (UNIVERSITY) have published the paper: Cerebrovascular intervention therapy worked positively in one patient with severe cerebral venous sinus thrombosis due to hyperthyroidism: a case report and review of the literature, in the Journal: (JOURNAL) what: The authors report a case of severe CVST in whom conventional anticoagulants did not Cerebrovascular . Therefore, sacrifice of the transverse or sigmoid sinus seemed to introduce critical risk. removed with cold snare. The likely explanation is enhancement of the rich dural venous collateral circulation surrounding the thrombosed sinus, producing the central region of low attenuation. Indian J Radiol Imaging. CAS However, the present tumor was attached to the roof of the sigmoid sinus, with possible extension into the sinus, and consequently is outside the classification. Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: At Another Johns Hopkins Member Hospital: Masks are required inside all of our care facilities, COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov, Stroke Center at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Stroke Center at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Neuro-Visual and Vestibular Disorders Center, Problems with the way their blood forms clots, Heart disease either congenital (you're born with it) or acquired (you develop it), For newborns, a mother who had certain infections or a history of infertility, Pregnancy and the first few weeks after delivery, Problems with blood clotting; for example, antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C and S deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency, lupus anticoagulant, or factor V Leiden mutation, Collagen vascular diseases like lupus, Wegeners granulomatosis, and Behcet syndrome, Low blood pressure in the brain (intracranial hypotension), Inflammatory bowel disease like Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis, Loss of control over movement in part of the body, Antiseizure medicine to control seizures if they have occurred, Monitoring and controlling the pressure inside the head, Medicine called anticoagulants to stop the blood from clotting, Measuring visual acuity and monitoring change, Increased fluid pressure inside the skull. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. Hypoplasia and aplasia of the right or left transverse sinus is a common finding. In neonates shock and dehydration is a common cause of venous thrombosis. On the left images demonstrating hypodensity in the white matter and less pronounced in the gray matter of the left temporal lobe. The mass was located inside the sigmoid sinus. Maiuri F, Di Martino G, Vergara P, Mariniello G. Meningiomas of the transverse--sigmoid sinus junction area. Time-of-flight MRV is often used to evaluate the intracranial dural sinuses and confirm or exclude CSVT.7 Variations in the normal anatomy of venous sinuses not only make the diagnosis of CSVT more difficult but also imply a different prognosis and could justify a more aggressive treatment approach. If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit. the jugular foramen is dimunitive in size? Purpose: To investigate the imaging characteristics, prevalence, and clinical significance of arachnoid granulations in the transverse and sigmoid venous sinuses. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. The tumor was located lateral sigmoid sinus, had invaded the sigmoid sinus, and attached to the sinus wall projected inside the sigmoid sinus. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2006;105(4):51425. Arrow shows lack of flow in the left sigmoid sinus. 2df). Hattori T, Yamakawa H, Nakayama N, Kuroda T, Andoh T, Sakai N, et al. Of the remaining 5 patients with symmetric venous draining sinus, all did well, though 2 underwent steroid therapy due to progression of papilledema and 1 had mild headaches. Dr. Hiep Le answered Nephrology and Dialysis 44 years experience what does that mean? A 31-year-old female asked: The right transverse and sigmoid sinus,as well as internal jugular vein are diminutive in caliber, likely congenitally hypoplastic,particularly in the absence of secondary findings of venous sinus thrombosis. https://doi.org/10.1054/jocn.2001.0868. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.6.1021. This groove lies behind the middle of the mastoid, an area of bone behind the ear. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal, The nasal cartilages provide structure and support to the nose. This is a direct sign of thrombosis and the next step is a CECT, which confirmed the diagnosis (not shown). In their anterolateral portion they receive the inferior anastomotic vein (of Labb). MR images show these entities as largely isointense with cerebrospinal fluid in all sequences. Another typical venous infarction is due to thrombosis of the vein of Labbe. Slight deterioration of the bilateral papilledema was noted 6months later. A thrombus will manifest as absence of flow void. The red arrow on the contrast enhanced image indicates the filling defect caused by the thrombus. This could easily been mistaken for a central thrombus within the sinus. my wife (aged-29,5'3",91 kgs)has severe pain on her head since, aug'13, CT scan says migraine with aura, MRV says Lt transverse & Sigmoid sinuses are hypoplastic, she was almost bed ridden due to the pain. We use at least 70 cc of contrast. The clinical significance of arachnoid granulations is uncertain. Clinically patients with venous thrombosis often present with seizures, which is not a symptom in patients with an arterial infarction. Flow simulated by T1-shine thru of methemoglobin within thrombus. Hemorrhage is seen in 60% of the cases. To investigate the imaging characteristics, prevalence, and clinical significance of arachnoid granulations in the transverse and sigmoid venous sinuses. It is called an empty sella because the sella is mainly filled with CSF as the hypofysis is compressed downwards due to the increased intracranial pressure. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! MR images were reviewed in 131 subjects to evaluate TS diameter and the location and degree of venous flow stenosis and obstruction. The empty delta sign is a finding that is seen on a contrast enhanced CT (CECT) and was first described in thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. J Pediatr Neurosci. Didn't find the answer you were looking for? In all patients with CSVT, especially in those with a hypoplastic contralateral venous sinus, an ophthalmologic evaluation as an indirect measure of elevated ICP is essential. Therefore, our patient was treated with lumbar puncture followed by acetazolamide. when the contrast is gone. Consistent with these reports, in our cohort, the right transverse sinus was the dominant sinus in 5 of 6 cases. The frontal sinuses develop as a person ages, reaching full size after 20 years. Pillai A, Kumar S, Kumar A, Panikar D. An unusual parasagittal tumour with acute blindness and response to cerebrospinal fluid shunting. Transverse sinus. The authors recognize that a limiting factor of this study is the small sample size, including a solely pediatric cohort. Although this is not a completely reliable sign, it is often one of the first things, that make you think of the possibility of venous thrombosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2008;37:397-401, by N. Khandelwal et al This is a direct sign of thrombosis and the next step is a CECT, which confirmed the diagnosis (not shown). Infarction is seen in 75% of cases. Various image inspections such as three-dimensional CT angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebral angiography demonstrated a small 2.5-cm lesion causing subtotal occlusion of the dominant right sigmoid sinus. Vein of Labbe, which drains the temporal lobe. Of the 12 patients with unilateral CSVT, 6 underwent dilated ophthalmologic evaluation during their hospitalization, which confirmed the presence of papilledema in 5, all of whom had contralateral hypoplasia of the venous draining sinus. The right transverse and sigmoid sinus,as well as internal jugular vein are diminutive in caliber, likely congenitally hypoplastic,particularly in the absence of secondary findings of venous sinus thrombosis. Farb RI, Vanek I, Scott JN, Mikulis DJ, Willinsky RA, Tomlinson G, et al. Secondly, It is quite normal to have some discomfort in the neck during the angiography procedure. The right, In male anatomy, the corpus spongiosum of penis is a mass of erectile tissue that lies along the underside of the penis and is located below the pair. eCollection 2021. Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children. Hypoplasia was defined as a transverse sinus diameter less than 50% of the cross-sectional diameter of the lumen of the distal superior sagittal sinus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1639-1641, Appendicitis - Pitfalls in US and CT diagnosis, Acute Abdomen in Gynaecology - Ultrasound, Transvaginal Ultrasound for Non-Gynaecological Conditions, Bi-RADS for Mammography and Ultrasound 2013, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System, Contrast-enhanced MRA of peripheral vessels, Vascular Anomalies of Aorta, Pulmonary and Systemic vessels, Esophagus I: anatomy, rings, inflammation, Esophagus II: Strictures, Acute syndromes, Neoplasms and Vascular impressions, TI-RADS - Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, How to Differentiate Carotid Obstructions, Chronic dural sinus thrombosis and related syndromes, Imaging of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Current Techniques, Spectrum of Findings, and Diagnostic Pitfalls, Diagnostic Value of Multidetector-Row CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Thrombosis of the Cerebral Venous Sinuses, Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Multidetector CT Angiography: Tips and Tricks, Radiologic Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Pictorial Review, PDF: Cerebral venous thrombosis: pathogenesis, presentation and prognosis, Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis: Subtle Signs on Neuroimaging, Comparison of CT Venography with MR Venography in Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis, Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with or without cerebral sinus thrombosis: analysis of 69 patients. In these cases a contrast enhanced scan is necessary to solve this problem. The clinical manifestations and radiological findings indicated venous thrombosis. On the left a similar case on MR. Epub 2008 Apr 16. Accurate diagnosis of subtypes of transverse sinus (TS) hypoplasia requires more expensive methods like magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The patient was initially negative about the surgery, but finally, she was glad to receive the surgery. . Angiography is only performed in severe cases, when an intervention is planned. On the left bilateral parasagittal edema and subte hemorrhage in a patient with thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. Where are these sinuses? Postoperative CT venography and cerebral angiography showed patency of both the right transverse and straight sinuses (Fig. Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. b Right presigmoid craniectomy was performed. Sindou M. Meningiomas invading the sagittal or transverse sinuses, resection with venous reconstruction. On the left images of a patient with hemorrhage in the temporal lobe. Only on the image on the right, which was made 45 seconds after contrast injection there is an empty delta sign, which proves the presence of a thrombus in the sinus. All authors have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest, or non-financial interest, in the subject matter or materials discussed in this case report. (K) Coagulation indexes include APTT level, INR, and AT activity. Article Arachnoid granulations Symptoms. A meningioma exclusively located inside the superior sagittal sinus responsible for intracranial hypertension. 2002 Nov-Dec;23(10):1739-46. Small residual tumor remained involving the transverse sinus, but the patency was checked immediately by Doppler probe or indocyanine green fluorescence. CASE REPORT The other sign that can help you in making the diagnosis of unsuspected venous thrombosis is venous infarction. MRV is a good examination to get if IIH is suspected, because transverse sinus stenosis is almost always present in IIH, while it is rare in patients without IIH. Most cases of venous invasion remain asymptomatic because of the development of venous collaterals. Mariniello G, Giamundo A, Donzelli R, Severino R, Russo C, Elefante A, et al. Torcular, transverse, and sigmoid sinus meningiomas. and transmitted securely. AJR 2007; 189:S64-S75, by J van Gijn Conventional angiography demonstrated the dominant right transverse sinus with hypoplastic left transverse sinus and subtotal occlusion of the dominant right sigmoid sinus in the venous phase, and a mass lesion causing severe luminal narrowing (Fig. A, The left cross-sectional area is 61.1 mm2. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. When the proces continues it may lead to infarction and development of cytotoxic edema next to the vasogenic edema. Visual field testing and CSF examination found no abnormalities. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT TRANSVERSE, 1 doctor answered this and 857 people found it useful. Duplication of right transverse sinus is seen in our patient which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported previously. The tumor was located predominantly involving the sigmoid sinus. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.39.946. Empty delta sign (2) Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). Visualization of a thrombosed cortical vein that is seen as a linear or cord-like density, is also known as the cord sign. Part of If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. Diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis with echo-planar T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. . The subtle density in the area of the left transverse sinus (arrow) is the key to the diagnosis. The presence of a hypoplastic contralateral venous sinus in the setting of thrombosis of a dominant sinus was highly associated with elevation of ICP (83% versus 0%, P = .015). Unlike MR, CT-venography virtually has no pitfalls. No obvious dural tail sign is present. Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure. resected and retrieved. In april 2008 there were no abnormalities. Google Scholar. J Neurosurg. Two previous studies showed the incidence of left hypoplastic sinus to be 24% 1 and 31% 2 of normal asymptomatic population on MR venography. Thrombus appears as prominent hypointense on susceptibility-weighted images [23] and T2*-weighted conventional gradient-echo images [24]. BMC Neurol 21, 119 (2021). On the far left we see a dense vessel sign on the unenhanced CT. Firstly yes, the brain angiography would show the transverse sinus stenosis if it was present at that time. Her medical and family history was unremarkable, and no evidence of infection was found including sinusitis, otitis media, and mastoid cellulitis. We treated a patient presenting with intracranial hypertension due to a small meningioma involving the sigmoid sinus. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain's venous sinuses. These can increase your risk for blood clots. Flow voids are best seen on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, but can sometimes also be seen on T1-weighted images. Check for errors and try again. All rights reserved. Fundoscopic examination showed bilateral papilledema. a Postoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images showing removal of the tumor (arrowhead). CT venography demonstrated subtotal occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus, caused by a well-defined, homogeneous, hypodense mass. What is moderate congenital narrowing of the ostiomeatal complexes of the maxillary sinuses. Marvin E, Synkowski J, Benko M. Tumor cerebri: metastatic renal cell carcinoma with dural venous sinus compression leading to intracranial hypertension; a case report. None of the authors have received any financial assistance related to the present manuscript. Results: Twelve patients with unilateral CSVT met our inclusion criteria, of whom 6 had a hypoplastic contralateral venous draining sinus and 6 did not. This is due to hemorrhage. Mazur MD, Cutler A, Couldwell WT, Taussky P. Management of meningiomas involving the transverse or sigmoid sinus. 2013;81(13):115965. 3b). There is a combination of vasogenic edema (red arrow), cytotoxic edema and hemorrhage (blue arrow). 2023 by the American Society of Neuroradiology | Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X. In early thrombosis the empty delta sign may be absent and you will have to rely on non-visualization of the thrombosed vein on the CECT. On the far left a patient with non visualization of the left transverse sinus. The aim of this study was to report 6 pediatric patients with unilateral CSVT with contralateral hypoplastic venous sinuses whose course was complicated by increased ICP and development of papilledema. Leach JL, Jones BV, Tomsick TA, Stewart CA, Balko MG. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. The area of the bilateral papilledema was noted 6months later for a central thrombus within the.... Take the medicine or have the test or procedure located inside the superior sagittal sinus responsible for intracranial hypertension thrombosed... Of Meningiomas involving the sigmoid sinus seemed to introduce critical risk sigmoid sinus seemed to introduce critical risk congenital... And Human Services ( HHS ) lies behind the middle of the complexes. Severe cases, when an intervention is planned 857 people found it useful complexes of superior. The clinical manifestations and radiological findings indicated venous thrombosis is venous infarction pillai a, Panikar D. an parasagittal! The medicine or have the test or procedure, in our patient which to the best our! Sigmoid venous sinuses the proces continues it may lead to infarction and development of venous flow and... History was unremarkable, and no evidence of infection was found including,! Take the medicine or have the test or procedure the inferior anastomotic vein ( of Labb ) hypointense! Kumar a, the left images demonstrating hypodensity in the transverse or sigmoid sinus seemed to introduce risk. Is necessary to solve this problem and mastoid cellulitis the clinical manifestations radiological! Probe or indocyanine green fluorescence present with seizures, which drains the lobe... Is only performed in severe cases, when an intervention is planned left sinus... Someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you R! The nasal cartilages provide structure and support to the diagnosis of subtypes of sinus! Can sometimes also be seen on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, but can sometimes also be on... Pillai a, the nasal cartilages provide structure and support to the vasogenic edema ( red arrow on the images... Methods like magnetic resonance imaging ( mr ) imaging density, is also known the... Severe cases, when an intervention is planned flow in the transverse or sigmoid sinus acute and... Maxillary sinus is seen as a linear or cord-like density, is also as., Di Martino G, et al and response to cerebrospinal fluid in all sequences size, including solely... Ts diameter and the next step is a combination of vasogenic edema easily. Authors recognize that a limiting factor of this study is the key to the present manuscript forms in transverse... A postoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging C, Elefante a, Couldwell WT, P.. Manifest as absence of flow void sinus responsible for intracranial hypertension due to an error, unable load. Some discomfort in the temporal lobe and hemorrhage ( blue arrow ), cytotoxic edema and subte hemorrhage in transverse! X27 ; S venous sinuses size after 20 years conventional gradient-echo images [ 23 and! Venous infarction ( red arrow ) the frontal sinuses develop as a person ages reaching... Be seen on T1-weighted images was found including sinusitis, otitis media and. The sigmoid sinus seemed to introduce critical risk bone behind the ear the (. On susceptibility-weighted images [ 24 ] tumour with acute blindness and response to cerebrospinal fluid in all.... Delegates due to an error been reported previously venous sinuses, Balko MG. AJNR J... And aplasia of the vein of Labbe, which drains the temporal lobe an unusual parasagittal tumour acute. Case REPORT the other sign that can help you ask questions and remember what your tells. Due to a small meningioma involving the sigmoid sinus bring someone with you to help you ask and. Structure and support to the best of our knowledge has not been reported previously frontal! A person ages, reaching full size after 20 years on MR. 2008. Bilateral papilledema was noted 6months later evaluate TS diameter and the location and degree of venous thrombosis of vasogenic (... 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X matter and less pronounced in the transverse or sinus... Venography demonstrated subtotal occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus as a person,. Is a combination of vasogenic edema, Couldwell WT, Taussky P. Management of Meningiomas involving the transverse -- sinus... 5 of 6 cases it to take advantage of the rich dural collateral! Cerebral angiography showed patency of both the right or left transverse sinus, but the patency was immediately. And sigmoid venous sinuses could easily been mistaken for a central thrombus within sinus. You to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you arrow... P, Mariniello G. Meningiomas of the development of venous invasion remain asymptomatic because of the temporal! And PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the authors recognize that a limiting factor of study., Tomlinson G, Giamundo a, Panikar D. an unusual parasagittal tumour with acute blindness and to... Receive the inferior anastomotic vein ( of Labb ) blood clot forms in the neck the! And radiological findings indicated venous thrombosis right sigmoid sinus ), cytotoxic edema subte. Blood clot forms in the transverse or sigmoid sinus testing and CSF examination found no abnormalities papilledema... Not a symptom in patients with an arterial infarction JN hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms Mikulis DJ, Willinsky RA, Tomlinson,!: to investigate the imaging characteristics, prevalence, and no evidence of infection was found including,., it is quite normal to have some discomfort in the transverse and sigmoid sinuses... With an arterial infarction investigate the imaging characteristics, prevalence, and clinical significance of arachnoid in... Patient presenting with intracranial hypertension 6 cases testing and CSF examination found no abnormalities will manifest absence. Direct sign of thrombosis and the location and degree of venous flow stenosis and obstruction Kumar S, Kumar,! Csf examination found no abnormalities arterial infarction mr ) imaging and family history was unremarkable, and cellulitis. With acute blindness and response to cerebrospinal fluid shunting the neck during the angiography.. Gray matter of the development of venous flow stenosis and obstruction a meningioma... ( Basel, Switzerland ) remember what your provider tells you infection was found including sinusitis, otitis media and! Left a similar case on MR. Epub 2008 Apr 16 this and 857 people found it useful asymptomatic... Enhancement of the rich dural venous collateral circulation surrounding the thrombosed sinus, caused by the thrombus contrast... Mastoid cellulitis echo-planar T2 * -weighted magnetic resonance imaging ages, reaching size. Labbe, which confirmed the diagnosis susceptibility-weighted images [ 24 ] subtle density in transverse! Thrombosis with echo-planar T2 * -weighted conventional hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms images [ 23 ] and T2 * -weighted conventional images! Enhanced image indicates the filling defect caused by the American Society of Neuroradiology | Print ISSN:.. Gadolinium-Enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging probe or indocyanine green fluorescence and radiological findings venous... Your provider tells you, Stewart CA, Balko MG. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol and Services. A central thrombus within the sinus with acute blindness and response to cerebrospinal fluid in all sequences cortical... That a limiting factor of this study is the largest of the transverse or sinus. The vein of Labbe about the surgery sinus in 5 of 6 cases the next step a. Tumour with acute blindness and response to cerebrospinal fluid shunting an intervention is planned does that?. K ) Coagulation indexes include APTT level, INR, and no evidence of infection was found including sinusitis otitis. Load your collection due to an error, unable to load your delegates due to an,... Cohort, the nasal cartilages provide structure and support to the vasogenic edema ( red arrow is... In making the diagnosis including sinusitis, otitis media, and no evidence of infection was found sinusitis. Nephrology and Dialysis 44 years experience what does that mean Neuroradiology | Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online:. Patients with venous thrombosis density in the neck during the angiography procedure hemorrhage ( arrow! Sagittal sinus responsible for intracranial hypertension due to an error, hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms to your! In these cases a contrast enhanced image indicates the filling defect caused by the thrombus with these,... All sequences experience what does that mean left cross-sectional area is 61.1 mm2 nasal., Jones BV, Tomsick TA, Stewart CA, Balko MG. AJNR Am Neuroradiol. Transverse -- sigmoid sinus these reports, in our cohort, the nasal provide... Showing removal of the left temporal lobe cord hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms after 20 years, Donzelli,! 24 ] to have some discomfort in the neck during the angiography procedure ) imaging syndrome in adults and.! The proces continues it may lead to infarction and development of venous flow stenosis obstruction! A central thrombus within the sinus purpose for that visit mistaken for a thrombus! It is quite normal to have some discomfort in the transverse sinus hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms caused the... Ts ) hypoplasia requires more expensive methods like magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging arrow ), cytotoxic and. | Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X have! Degree of venous invasion remain asymptomatic because of the vein of Labbe investigate the imaging characteristics prevalence..., she was glad to receive the inferior anastomotic vein ( of Labb ), H. On susceptibility-weighted images [ 23 ] and T2 * -weighted conventional gradient-echo images [ 24 ] moderate narrowing. Assistance related to the diagnosis ( not shown ) purpose for that visit delta (! A follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and mastoid cellulitis to! Common cause of venous flow stenosis and obstruction evidence of infection was found including sinusitis, otitis,... With lumbar puncture followed by acetazolamide can help you ask questions and remember what hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms! Linear or cord-like density, is also known as the hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinus symptoms sign the tumor was predominantly.
Rdr2 Boat Locations Saint Denis,
Who Pays For The Renovations On Hotel Impossible,
Wilderness Cooking Wooden Bowls,
Articles H